python作为爬虫的最常见语言，很有自己的优势。这里举一些常见的用法。

1，使用scrapy框架。

https://scrapy-chs.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/0.24/intro/tutorial.html

2, 纯脚本

lib库

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import Queue, time, random

import requests

提供一个比较粗糙的代码，使用到了python代理，queue,多线程,BeautifulSoup。最终print方法应该用线程锁避免打印错误。

#coding=utf-8
import requests
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
import Queue, time, random
#import pymysql
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import urllib
import urllib2
import gzip
import cStringIO
import datetime
import json
from StringIO import StringIO
import threading

import base64

index_url = 'https://www.juzimi.com/alltags'
page_url = 'https://www.juzimi.com/alltags?page=%s'

task_queue = Queue.Queue()

has_words = []
has_words_value = {}

lock=threading.Lock()

ip = ""
def getIp() :
global ip

url = 'http://s.zdaye.com/?api=201903221353043521&count=1&px=2'
ipret = curl(url, '', False, False)
time.sleep(5)
print "get ip:" + str(ipret)
ip = str(ipret)
def curl(url, data = '', isCompress = False, use_ip = True):

global ip
if(data):
data = urllib.urlencode(data)
else:
data = None
#headers = {"method":"GET","user-agent":self.ua,"Referer":self.refer, "Cookie":self.cookie, "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": 1,"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br"}
headers = {"method":"GET","Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "user-agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36"}

try :

#代理代码
if(use_ip) :
opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.ProxyHandler({"https" : ip}))
urllib2.install_opener(opener)

request = urllib2.Request(url, data, headers)
response = urllib2.urlopen(request, timeout=10)

#response = opener.open(request)
if(isCompress) :
buf = StringIO(response.read())
data = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf)
return data.read()
return response.read()

except :
exit()
getIp()
print "get ip retry"
self.curl(url, data, isCompress, use_ip)

#exit()

def setTaskR() :
task_queue.put({'url':'https://www.juzimi.com/tags/%E6%96%B0%E8%AF%97', 'title':'诗词'})

def setTask() :
#for i in range(0, 12) :
for i in range(0, 12) :
url = page_url % (i)
content = curl(url, '', True)
#print url
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
span = soup.findAll('div',{'class':'views-field-name'})
for tmp in span :
data = {}
href = tmp.find('a').get('href')
title = tmp.find('a').get('title')
data = {"url":"https://www.juzimi.com" + href, "title" : title}
print data
task_queue.put(data)
#print tmp.get('title')
time.sleep(1)

def getFile() :

global has_words
global has_words_value

for line in open('word.log') :
if(line.find('juzimi.com') != -1) :
continue
line = line.split(":", 1)
if(len(line) > 1 and line[1] == 'test') :
continue

#print line[0]
if(not line[0] in has_words) :
has_words.append(line[0])
has_words_value[line[0]] = 1
#print line[0]
else :
has_words_value[line[0]] = has_words_value[line[0]] + 1
has_words = []
for k in has_words_value:
if(has_words_value[k] > 100) :
has_words.append(k)
for line in open('word.url') :
lines = eval(line)
url = lines['url']
title = lines['title'].encode('utf-8')
if(title in has_words) :
continue
task_queue.put(lines)

#runTask()
sleep_time = random.randint(30,60)
#time.sleep(sleep_time)
#time.sleep(60)

def runTask() :
while(not task_queue.empty()) :
data = task_queue.get()
printinfo =[]
hotword = data['title']
url = data['url']
hotword = hotword.encode('utf-8')
#print url
lastIndex = 0
content = curl(url, '', True)
#content = re.sub(r'\n|&nbsp|\xa0|\\xa0|\u3000|\\u3000|\\u0020|\u0020', '', str(content))
content = content.replace('<br/>', '')
content = content.replace('\r', ' ')
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
last = soup.find('li', {'class', 'pager-last'})
if (not last) :

last = soup.findAll('li', {'class' : 'pager-item'})
if(not last) :
print "get empty:" + url
continue
for tmp in last :
if(int(tmp.text) > lastIndex) :
#print int(tmp.text)
lastIndex = int(tmp.text)
else :
lastIndex = last.text

span = soup.findAll('div',{'class', 'views-field-phpcode-1'})

if(not span) :
print "get empty:" + url
continue

#print url
for tmp in span :
words = tmp.findAll('a')
for word in words :
#printinfo.append({'hotword' : hotword, 'content' : word.text.encode('utf-8')})
print hotword + ":" + word.text.encode('utf-8')
#time.sleep(3)
sleep_time = random.randint(10,20)
#time.sleep(sleep_time)
for i in range(1, int(lastIndex)) :

url = "https://www.juzimi.com/tags/" +hotword + "?page=" + str(i)
#ret = getContent(url, hotword)

t = threading.Thread(target=getContent, args=(url, hotword))
t.start()
"""
for tmp in ret:
printinfo.append(tmp)
"""

"""
for tmp in printinfo :
print tmp['hotword'] + ":" + tmp['content']
"""

def getContent(url, hotword) :
printinfo =[]
#print url
content = curl(url, '', True)
#content = re.sub(r'\n|&nbsp|\xa0|\\xa0|\u3000|\\u3000|\\u0020|\u0020', '', str(content))
content = content.replace('<br/>', '')
content = content.replace('\r', ' ')
soup = BeautifulSoup(content, "html.parser")
last = soup.find('li', {'class', 'pager-last'})
span = soup.findAll('div',{'class', 'views-field-phpcode-1'})
for tmp in span :
words = tmp.findAll('a')
for word in words :
#printinfo.append({'hotword' : hotword, 'content' : word.text.encode('utf-8')})
print hotword + ":" + word.text.encode('utf-8')
sleep_time = random.randint(20,30)
#time.sleep(sleep_time)
#return printinfo

getIp()

getFile()

"""

#setTaskR()
#runTask()
#exit()
"""
executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers = 50)
#executor.submit(runTask)
#exit()
for i in range(0, 20) :
executor.submit(runTask)

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